如(ru)何觀(guan)看工(gong)控主板的做工(gong)質量?下面一起來學(xue)習下吧。

　　一、布線設計

　　工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設計是一(yi)門(men)比較(jiao)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學問，它(ta)要(yao)視不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)特性進行(xing)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計處理方式(shi)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"蛇(she)(she)(she)行(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)"就(jiu)很有(you)(you)講究，有(you)(you)些(xie)人(ren)認(ren)為(wei)蛇(she)(she)(she)行(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)越(yue)(yue)多就(jiu)說明有(you)(you)更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計水平，這(zhe)種觀點是錯(cuo)誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。采用(yong)蛇(she)(she)(she)行(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)有(you)(you)兩個：一(yi)個是為(wei)了(le)保證布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng)長，因(yin)為(wei)像CPU到北橋芯片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時鐘(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，它(ta)不(bu)同(tong)于普通電器(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，在(zai)這(zhe)些(xie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)以100MHz左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率高(gao)(gao)速運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)對線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度十分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感,不(bu)等(deng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時鐘(zhong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)會(hui)引起信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)步進而造(zao)成(cheng)系統不(bu)穩,這(zhe)樣某些(xie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)需(xu)要(yao)以彎(wan)曲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)走線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),以調節(jie)長度;另一(yi)個使(shi)用(yong)蛇(she)(she)(she)行(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)見原(yuan)因(yin)是為(wei)了(le)盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)能(neng)減少電磁輻射(EMI)對主板(ban)(ban)其(qi)余部件和(he)人(ren)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，因(yin)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)速而單調的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)會(hui)大(da)大(da)地(di)干(gan)擾主板(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)模擬器(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，如AC''97芯片(pian)或板(ban)(ban)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟貓等(deng)。平常(chang)抑制(zhi)EMI的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種簡便方法(fa)就(jiu)是通過設計蛇(she)(she)(she)形布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，來盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)能(neng)多吸收消化輻射。采用(yong)蛇(she)(she)(she)行(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)了(le)上(shang)(shang)(shang)面這(zhe)些(xie)好處，并不(bu)是說在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板(ban)(ban)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)使(shi)用(yong)蛇(she)(she)(she)行(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)越(yue)(yue)多越(yue)(yue)好，因(yin)為(wei)過多過密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主板(ban)(ban)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板(ban)(ban)布(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏密(mi)不(bu)均，會(hui)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)有(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)各(ge)部分(fen)(fen)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)密(mi)度差別不(bu)大(da)，并且(qie)要(yao)盡(jin)(jin)可(ke)能(neng)均勻分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)否則很容(rong)易造(zao)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)穩定(ding)。

　　二、做(zuo)工(gong)用料

　　1、PCB(印刷電路板)的做(zuo)工

　　質量有保(bao)證的(de)PC板(ban)(ban)色彩基(ji)本保(bao)持(chi)一致，光潔度好(hao)，看(kan)起來油(you)光發亮的(de)一般質量就(jiu)比(bi)較好(hao)。PCB板(ban)(ban)層(ceng)數一般的(de)標準(zhun)是4、6層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)，當然6層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)質量要好(hao)很多。

　　2、SMT(表面(mian)貼裝(zhuang))元器件的做工

　　主(zhu)要通過觀察某些(xie)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)貼(tie)裝精度來判(pan)定主(zhu)板的(de)生(sheng)產工藝(yi)是否精良(liang)，標準的(de)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)貼(tie)裝定位準確，沒有偏移(yi)。

　　3、工控(kong)主板用料

　　名(ming)牌大(da)廠所(suo)生產的工控(kong)主板(ban)用(yong)料(liao)，像CPU插(cha)座、擴展槽(cao)和插(cha)槽(cao)等都采用(yong)名(ming)廠的插(cha)接界面元器件(jian)，主板(ban)的性(xing)能也就不用(yong)多說了。