如何觀(guan)看工控主(zhu)板的做工質量?下面(mian)一起(qi)來學(xue)習(xi)下吧。

　　一、布(bu)線設計

　　工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)板上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)計是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)門(men)比較專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)問，它要視不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)特性(xing)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計處(chu)理方(fang)式(shi)。工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)板上(shang)(shang)采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"蛇(she)(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)"就很(hen)有(you)講究，有(you)些(xie)(xie)人(ren)認為蛇(she)(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)越多(duo)就說(shuo)明有(you)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計水平(ping)，這種觀點(dian)是(shi)錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。采用(yong)蛇(she)(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)有(you)兩個(ge)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)是(shi)為了保證布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等長，因(yin)(yin)為像(xiang)CPU到北橋芯片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時鐘(zhong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，它不同(tong)于(yu)普通電器(qi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)，在這些(xie)(xie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)(shang)以(yi)100MHz左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率高(gao)(gao)速運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)對線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長度十分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏感,不等長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時鐘(zhong)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)會(hui)引(yin)起信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)步進而造成系(xi)統不穩,這樣某些(xie)(xie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)需要以(yi)彎曲(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)走線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),以(yi)調(diao)節長度;另一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)使用(yong)蛇(she)(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常見(jian)原(yuan)因(yin)(yin)是(shi)為了盡(jin)可能減少電磁輻射(EMI)對主(zhu)板其余部(bu)件和人(ren)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，因(yin)(yin)為高(gao)(gao)速而單調(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字信(xin)號(hao)會(hui)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)地干擾主(zhu)板上(shang)(shang)模擬器(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作，如AC''97芯片或(huo)板載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟貓等。平(ping)常抑制EMI的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種簡便(bian)方(fang)法就是(shi)通過(guo)設(she)(she)計蛇(she)(she)(she)(she)形布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，來盡(jin)可能多(duo)吸收消化輻射。采用(yong)蛇(she)(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)了上(shang)(shang)面這些(xie)(xie)好處(chu)，并不是(shi)說(shuo)在工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)板布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候使用(yong)蛇(she)(she)(she)(she)行(xing)(xing)(xing)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)越多(duo)越好，因(yin)(yin)為過(guo)多(duo)過(guo)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)板布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)會(hui)造成工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)板布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)密不均(jun)，會(hui)對工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應使工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)板上(shang)(shang)各部(bu)分線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)密度差別不大(da)(da)(da)，并且要盡(jin)可能均(jun)勻分布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)否則(ze)很(hen)容易造成工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主(zhu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不穩定。

　　二、做工用料(liao)

　　1、PCB(印刷電路板)的做工

　　質(zhi)量(liang)有(you)保(bao)證的(de)PC板色(se)彩基本保(bao)持一致，光潔度好，看起(qi)來油(you)光發亮的(de)一般質(zhi)量(liang)就比較好。PCB板層數一般的(de)標準是4、6層板，當然6層板質(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)好很多。

　　2、SMT(表面貼裝)元器件(jian)的做工

　　主(zhu)要通過(guo)觀察某些(xie)元(yuan)器件貼(tie)裝精(jing)度來判定(ding)主(zhu)板的(de)生產(chan)工(gong)藝是否精(jing)良(liang)，標準的(de)元(yuan)器件貼(tie)裝定(ding)位準確，沒有偏(pian)移。

　　3、工控主板用料

　　名(ming)牌大(da)廠所生產的工控主板(ban)用(yong)料，像CPU插(cha)座(zuo)、擴展槽(cao)和插(cha)槽(cao)等都采(cai)用(yong)名(ming)廠的插(cha)接界面元器件，主板(ban)的性(xing)能(neng)也(ye)就不(bu)用(yong)多說(shuo)了。