工控主板的人為故障主要是(shi)由人為操(cao)作失誤、外界干擾或環(huan)境惡劣以(yi)及(ji)用戶操(cao)作不當引起的故障。

　　1、靜電因素

　　手(shou)(shou)(shou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)通常帶有靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)，特(te)別是穿華纖服裝易產生高(gao)壓靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)。在(zai)拆裝或維(wei)修(xiu)主板時(shi)如不(bu)把手(shou)(shou)(shou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)放掉，則(ze)很(hen)可能導致工控主板上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的芯片燒毀。為放掉手(shou)(shou)(shou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)的方法，就是將手(shou)(shou)(shou)放在(zai)暖氣片上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)既可放掉靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)。如專(zhuan)業(ye)設備齊全，應使用防靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)手(shou)(shou)(shou)套等。

　　2、安裝不當

　　安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)操作不當引起工(gong)控(kong)主板(ban)損(sun)壞的故障也(ye)較多，如在安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)內(nei)存條時反方(fang)向操作時，不會(hui)插(cha)入到內(nei)存插(cha)槽(cao)的，如用力過猛，則可能會(hui)損(sun)壞內(nei)存及(ji)工(gong)控(kong)主板(ban)的內(nei)存插(cha)槽(cao)，甚至(zhi)將工(gong)控(kong)主板(ban)壓變形(xing)，導致工(gong)控(kong)主板(ban)上(shang)的線路(lu)斷裂。

　　除此(ci)之外，安裝(zhuang)顯(xian)示卡(ka)、聲卡(ka)、內存、數據線時(shi)也(ye)應(ying)該注意同樣的問(wen)題，即在安裝(zhuang)時(shi)要控制好力度。

　　正確的方法應該是用(yong)倆只(zhi)手在內(nei)(nei)(nei)存(cun)條(tiao)兩(liang)側交叉用(yong)力，內(nei)(nei)(nei)存(cun)槽(cao)兩(liang)端的卡(ka)扣(kou)一(yi)般會自動卡(ka)入內(nei)(nei)(nei)存(cun)條(tiao)的卡(ka)扣(kou)中，最終將(jiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)存(cun)條(tiao)插入內(nei)(nei)(nei)存(cun)槽(cao)中。

　　3、熱插拔故障

　　在工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板上(shang)，除(chu)了USB接口和IEEE1394接口外，硬避免(mian)對其他外設接口熱插拔(ba)。用戶在使用或調(diao)試電腦時，往(wang)往(wang)在沒有斷電的情況下對工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)電腦主(zhu)板上(shang)的卡件(jian)，如鍵盤、鼠標、打(da)印機等數(shu)據線插拔(ba)操作，而燒壞(huai)(huai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板。另外，關(guan)掉(diao)電腦電源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)后應等待10秒以后再開(kai)(kai)機。如果關(guan)機后馬上(shang)開(kai)(kai)機，也較容(rong)易造成工(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)主(zhu)板損壞(huai)(huai)。

　　4、環境因素引起的故障

　　工(gong)(gong)控(kong)電(dian)腦(nao)工(gong)(gong)作時的環境因素不良也會導致工(gong)(gong)控(kong)主板故障。如工(gong)(gong)控(kong)電(dian)腦(nao)工(gong)(gong)作的環境過度干燥或(huo)高(gao)度潮濕(shi)、工(gong)(gong)控(kong)主板內部聚集(ji)大量灰塵等都會直接影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)控(kong)電(dian)腦(nao)的性(xing)能(neng)和使用壽命。

　　當(dang)外界(jie)環境(jing)高度干燥時(shi)，導(dao)致靜電在工(gong)(gong)控(kong)電腦機箱中聚集，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)控(kong)主板(ban)上某些芯(xin)(xin)片被(bei)擊穿，特別是CMOS芯(xin)(xin)片;當(dang)外界(jie)環境(jing)潮濕時(shi)，導(dao)致工(gong)(gong)控(kong)主板(ban)局部電路和元器件短路，加速元器件老化，造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)控(kong)主板(ban)嚴重故障(zhang)。

　　另(ling)外，如果電(dian)(dian)腦外接市(shi)電(dian)(dian)不(bu)穩、ATX電(dian)(dian)源損(sun)壞或(huo)電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)瞬間(jian)的尖峰(feng)脈沖時，往往也(ye)會損(sun)壞與(yu)工控主板供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路相關的芯片，進而操造成工控主板故障。