工控(kong)主(zhu)板的人為(wei)故(gu)障主(zhu)要是由人為(wei)操作失誤(wu)、外界干(gan)擾或環境惡劣以(yi)及用戶(hu)操作不(bu)當(dang)引(yin)起(qi)的故(gu)障。

　　1、靜電因素

　　手(shou)上(shang)(shang)通(tong)常(chang)帶有靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)，特別(bie)是穿華纖服(fu)裝易產生高壓靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)。在拆裝或維修(xiu)主板時(shi)如不把手(shou)上(shang)(shang)的靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)放掉，則很可(ke)能導致(zhi)工控主板上(shang)(shang)的芯片燒毀。為放掉手(shou)上(shang)(shang)的靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)的方法，就是將手(shou)放在暖氣片上(shang)(shang)既(ji)可(ke)放掉靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)。如專業設(she)備(bei)齊全，應使用防(fang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)手(shou)套等。

　　2、安裝不當

　　安裝(zhuang)操作不當引起工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)損(sun)壞(huai)的故障也(ye)較多，如在安裝(zhuang)內存條時(shi)反方向操作時(shi)，不會插(cha)入到內存插(cha)槽(cao)的，如用(yong)力過猛，則可能會損(sun)壞(huai)內存及(ji)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)的內存插(cha)槽(cao)，甚(shen)至將工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)壓變形，導致工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)主(zhu)(zhu)板(ban)上的線路斷裂。

　　除(chu)此之外，安(an)裝(zhuang)顯(xian)示(shi)卡、聲卡、內(nei)存(cun)、數(shu)據線時也(ye)應該注意同(tong)樣的問題，即在安(an)裝(zhuang)時要控制好力(li)度。

　　正(zheng)確的方法應該是用(yong)(yong)倆(lia)只手在內存(cun)(cun)條兩(liang)側交叉用(yong)(yong)力，內存(cun)(cun)槽(cao)兩(liang)端的卡(ka)扣一般會自動(dong)卡(ka)入內存(cun)(cun)條的卡(ka)扣中，最終將內存(cun)(cun)條插入內存(cun)(cun)槽(cao)中。

　　3、熱插拔故障

　　在工控(kong)主板(ban)上，除了USB接(jie)口和IEEE1394接(jie)口外(wai)，硬(ying)避免(mian)對其(qi)他(ta)外(wai)設接(jie)口熱插拔(ba)。用(yong)戶在使用(yong)或調試電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)時，往往在沒(mei)有斷電(dian)(dian)的情況下對工控(kong)電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)主板(ban)上的卡件，如鍵盤、鼠標(biao)、打印機(ji)等數據(ju)線插拔(ba)操作，而燒壞工控(kong)主板(ban)。另(ling)外(wai)，關(guan)掉電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)電(dian)(dian)源開(kai)(kai)關(guan)后應(ying)等待10秒以后再開(kai)(kai)機(ji)。如果關(guan)機(ji)后馬上開(kai)(kai)機(ji)，也較容易造成工控(kong)主板(ban)損壞。

　　4、環境因素引起的故障

　　工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)電腦(nao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時的(de)環(huan)境因(yin)素不(bu)良也會導致工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板故障。如(ru)工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)電腦(nao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)環(huan)境過度(du)干燥或高度(du)潮濕(shi)、工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)主板內部聚(ju)集(ji)大量灰塵等都會直(zhi)接影(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)電腦(nao)的(de)性能和使用壽命(ming)。

　　當(dang)外(wai)界(jie)環境(jing)高度(du)干燥時，導(dao)致(zhi)靜電在(zai)工(gong)控電腦機(ji)箱中(zhong)聚集，造成工(gong)控主(zhu)板上某些芯片(pian)被擊穿，特別是CMOS芯片(pian);當(dang)外(wai)界(jie)環境(jing)潮濕(shi)時，導(dao)致(zhi)工(gong)控主(zhu)板局部電路和元器(qi)件(jian)短路，加速元器(qi)件(jian)老化，造成工(gong)控主(zhu)板嚴重故(gu)障。

　　另(ling)外(wai)，如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦外(wai)接市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不穩(wen)、ATX電(dian)(dian)(dian)源損(sun)壞(huai)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓瞬間(jian)的(de)尖(jian)峰(feng)脈沖時，往往也(ye)會損(sun)壞(huai)與工控主板供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路相關的(de)芯(xin)片，進而(er)操(cao)造成工控主板故障(zhang)。