工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(Industrial?Personal?Computer)通俗的(de)(de)(de)(de)說就是(shi)專門為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)現場(chang)而設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)電腦的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)(yao)惡劣，有(you)(you)些好的(de)(de)(de)(de)品牌機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)確實(shi)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)相同(tong)(tong)環(huan)境(jing)運行，或許還能(neng)(neng)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，但(dan)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)保證長時間(jian)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，很多(duo)(duo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作在(zai)(zai)無人區，是(shi)不(bu)允許有(you)(you)任何錯誤的(de)(de)(de)(de)，穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)高于(yu)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)電子(zi)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用料上就要(yao)(yao)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)于(yu)普(pu)通商(shang)(shang)務電腦，也(ye)是(shi)成(cheng)本(ben)差別(bie)。市場(chang)面(mian)(mian)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接口需求在(zai)(zai)現在(zai)(zai)家用電腦上有(you)(you)些已(yi)經被淘汰(tai)，而工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)電腦則需求而且超常規。系統架構不(bu)全(quan)相同(tong)(tong)，只(zhi)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做了某些特(te)(te)(te)殊設計(ji)保持了其(qi)與普(pu)通商(shang)(shang)用機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬件(jian)互換性(xing)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)可靠性(xing)、穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)、耐候(hou)性(xing)、抗震(zhen)性(xing)、防水防塵(chen)(chen)性(xing)、抗干擾性(xing)、可擴展性(xing)、EMC兼容性(xing)能(neng)(neng)等方面(mian)(mian)肯定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)優于(yu)商(shang)(shang)用機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，元器件(jian)多(duo)(duo)是(shi)選用工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)級(ji)甚至部(bu)分(fen)采用軍用級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，這樣才能(neng)(neng)適(shi)應工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)現場(chang)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)現場(chang)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)震(zhen)動，灰塵(chen)(chen)特(te)(te)(te)別(bie)多(duo)(duo)，另有(you)(you)很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電磁場(chang)力干擾等特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)，且一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠均(jun)是(shi)連續(xu)作業(ye)(ye)即一(yi)年中一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)沒(mei)有(you)(you)休息。因此(ci)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與普(pu)通計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相比(bi)必須(xu)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)以下特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)：

      1)機箱采用鋼結構，有較高的防磁、防塵、防沖擊的能力。
      2)機箱內有專用底板，底板上有PCI和ISA插槽。
      3)機箱內有專門電源，電源有較強的抗干擾能力。
      4)要求具有連續長時間工作能力。
      5)一般采用便于安裝的標準機箱(4U標準機箱較為常見)